ANCESTRAL FLOW
- TUMBALALÁ

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SOURCE FIELD
- SERRA DA CANASTRA

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DRY HORIZON
- MONTES CLAROS

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RIVER TENSION - PETROLINA

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FLORESTA AMAZÔNICA · Northern Brazil — AM, PA and other states

River of the Amazons - The largest tropical rainforest on Earth, spanning over 5 million km². It produces 20% of the planet's oxygen and harbors 10% of all known species on Earth. The Solimões and Negro rivers cut through its vastness with waters of contrasting colors — a silent battle between clay and darkness that has fascinated scientists for centuries.

ALTO DO RIBEIRA · Vale do Ribeira — SP and PR

The Alto Ribeira Tourist State Park (PETAR) shelters Brazil's largest limestone cave system — over 300 catalogued grottos, some with stalactite formations thousands of years old. The surrounding forest is one of Brazil's most continuous Atlantic Forest fragments, preserved in part by the isolation that the karst landscape imposes on human settlement.

ANAVILHANAS · Rio Negro — Amazonas

The world's largest freshwater river archipelago, with over 400 islands along the Rio Negro. A UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the Central Amazon Conservation Complex. During the flood season, the islands vanish beneath the dark waters — and an entire forest lives submerged for months, adapted to a rhythm that defies any earthly logic.

ARAUCÁRIA - Southern Brazilian Plateau — PR, SC and RS

from the language of the Arauco indigenous people. The Araucaria forest — or Pine Forest — is southern Brazil's original biome, now reduced to less than 3% of its original extent. The Paraná pine tree, with its inverted-umbrella silhouette, is one of Brazil's most ancient and iconic trees. Its seeds fed indigenous peoples for millennia and are still harvested today in the traditions of plateau communities.

CAXINUANÃ · Melgaço — Pará

Origin: Tupi — possibly 'place of the caxiúba palms. One of the Amazon's largest extractive reserves, bathed by the Caxiuanã river and bay. It houses the Ferreira Penna Scientific Station, one of the world's leading Amazonian research centers. Its floodplain and upland forests coexist with dark-water streams and a biodiversity that still holds species unknown to science.

FLORESTA DA TIJUCA · Rio de Janeiro — RJ

The largest urban national park in Brazil, nestled in the heart of Rio de Janeiro. Originally devastated by coffee cultivation in the 19th century, it was reforested by order of Emperor Dom Pedro II from 1862 onwards — one of the world's first environmental restoration projects. It shelters over 1,550 plant species, hidden waterfalls, historic ruins, and the Christ the Redeemer statue within its boundaries.

IGUAÇU · Origin: Tupi — 'great water' or 'great river'

A UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site, Iguaçu National Park shelters the world's widest waterfall system — 275 individual falls spanning nearly 3 km. The surrounding forest is a precious remnant of the interior Atlantic Forest, home to 2,000 plant species and over 400 bird species, including the great blue macaw.

JAÚ · Novo Airão — Amazonas

Brazil's largest national park by continuous tropical forest area, spanning 2.3 million hectares. A UNESCO World Heritage Site, its ecosystem remains virtually intact. The Jaú River flows with black waters — stained by organic acids from decomposing matter — in a silence that only the Amazon rainforest is capable of producing.

ITATIAIA · Serra da Mantiqueira — RJ and MG

Brazil's oldest national park, established in 1937 by President Getúlio Vargas. Located in the Mantiqueira mountain range, it shelters Pico das Agulhas Negras, the country's third highest peak. Its high-altitude forests, highland meadows, and misty valleys create a landscape that shifts between the tropical and the almost alpine.

JAVARI · Atalaia do Norte — Amazonas

The Javari Valley harbors the world's largest concentration of uncontacted indigenous peoples — groups who have chosen to live without contact with outside civilization. Its forest is therefore one of the last truly untouched forests on Earth: protected not only by law, but by the will of the peoples who have inhabited it since time immemorial.

JURÉIA · Iguape — São Paulo

The Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station is one of São Paulo state's largest and best-preserved Atlantic Forest remnants. Its geographical isolation — wedged between the ocean and the Paranapiacaba mountain range — shielded its forest from agricultural expansion. It shelters traditional caiçara communities who have lived in symbiosis with the forest for generations.

MATA ATLÂNTICA · Brazilian Coast — from RN to RS

One of the richest and most threatened biomes on Earth. Originally covering 15% of Brazil's territory, less than 12% of its original cover remains today. It shelters over 20,000 plant species and is home to animals such as the golden lion tamarin and the puma. Every fragment that persists is nature's quiet victory over human encroachment.

MAMIRAUÁ · Tefé — Amazonas

Brazil's first Sustainable Development Reserve, created to reconcile conservation with the lives of riverside communities. During the flood season, half of its forest lies submerged under up to 12 meters of water — and trees, monkeys, and river dolphins coexist in an aquatic-terrestrial ecosystem with no equivalent anywhere in the world.

PICO DA NEBLINA · São Gabriel da Cachoeira — Amazonas

Brazil's highest point, at 2,994 meters, permanently shrouded in the clouds that gave it its name. Located on the Venezuelan border within Yanomami indigenous territory, access requires special authorization. The forest on its slopes shelters species that have never descended to river level — an isolated world suspended above the clouds.

SERRA DA BOCAINA · SP/RJ border

Between sea and mountain, Serra da Bocaina National Park preserves the meeting point of the Mantiqueira highland forest and the coastal Atlantic Forest. The Gold Trail — a colonial path that once linked the gold mines to the port of Paraty — crosses its forest like a living historical scar. From its peaks, the vast blue expanse of Ilha Grande Bay unfolds below.

SERRA DA CANTAREIRA · Northern São Paulo — SP

One of the world's largest urban forests, rising 300 meters above the metropolis that surrounds it. Its name comes from the colonial muleteers who stored its spring water in clay jugs — and it still supplies São Paulo today. A UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, it is the green lung of one of the planet's largest cities.

SERRA DA CANGALHA · Campos Lindos — Tocantins

One of Brazil's most mysterious geological formations: a meteorite impact crater 13 km in diameter, blanketed by cerrado savanna and gallery forest. The isolation of the Serra da Cangalha crater has created a unique microenvironment, where species from different biomes coexist within a perfect circle — a mark left by the cosmos upon the Brazilian forest.

SERRA DO CIPÓ · Greater Belo Horizonte — MG

A national park nestled in the Espinhaço mountain range, where the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado savanna meet in a unique embrace. Its waterfalls and natural pools are fed by the Cipó River, whose crystal-clear waters flow down quartzite trails. Home to the maned wolf and giant anteater, it is one of Minas Gerais' most beloved sanctuaries.

SERRA DO MAR · Coast of SP, RJ and PR

One of the largest and most continuous stretches of Atlantic Forest still preserved, extending over 1,500 km along the Brazilian coast. The Serra do Mar acts as a natural barrier that captures ocean moisture and feeds rivers supplying millions of people. Its green-covered rock walls are among Brazil's most dramatic natural landscapes.

TAPAJÓS · Itaituba — Pará

The first national park established within the Amazon biome, along the rapids of the Tapajós River. Its emerald-colored waters — rare in the Amazon, where muddy or black rivers predominate — form white-sand beaches that emerge during the dry season. It shelters over 30 pre-Columbian archaeological sites, remnants of peoples whose stories still await to be fully told.

VALE DO RIBEIRA · Southern SP and Northern PR

The Ribeira Valley harbors Brazil's largest continuous stretch of Atlantic Forest, yet also ranks among São Paulo state's lowest human development indices — a contradiction that reveals how the preservation of nature so often goes hand in hand with the isolation and neglect of the communities that protect it.

ITATINS · Miracatu — São Paulo

Part of the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station, the Itatins mountain range is a green wall separating the southern São Paulo coast from the plateau. Its dense rainforest — humid, thick, and permanently green — is one of São Paulo's last strongholds of primary Atlantic Forest, where sunlight rarely reaches the forest floor.

SUPERAGUI · Guaraqueçaba — Paraná

The Uatumã Biological Reserve is one of the Amazon's largest fully protected reserves, created to offset the ecological impacts of the Balbina hydroelectric dam. Its isolation between the artificial lake and the continuous forest inadvertently created a unique natural laboratory for studying the effects of forest fragmentation on biodiversity.

UATUAMÃ · São Sebastião do Uatumã — Amazonas

The Uatumã Biological Reserve is one of the Amazon's largest fully protected reserves, created to offset the ecological impacts of the Balbina hydroelectric dam. Its isolation between the artificial lake and the continuous forest inadvertently created a unique natural laboratory for studying the effects of forest fragmentation on biodiversity.